Reprinted from an essay provided by the
Honorable Mary Morgan, Supervisor of Elections, Collier County, Florida.
The most often heard excuse for not voting in an election
is "my one little vote won't make a difference." Yet history is full
of instances proving the enormous power of one single vote. In many cases, the
course of nations has been changed because one individual ballot was cast, or
not cast, depending upon your point of view. Consider this........
In 1645, one vote gave Oliver Cromwell
control of England.
In 1649, one vote literally cost King
Charles I of England his head. The vote to behead him was 67 against and 68 for
-- the ax fell thanks to one vote.
In 1714, one vote placed King George I on
the throne of England and restored the monarchy.
In 1776, one vote gave America the English
language instead of German (at least according to folk lore.)
In 1800, the electoral college met in the respective states
to cast their two votes for President. At that time, the U.S. Constitution
provided the candidate receiving the most electoral votes would become
President and the candidate receiving the second highest number of votes would
become Vice President. When the results of the electoral college votes were
opened by both houses of Congress, there was a tie vote for President between
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. That threw the election of President into the
House of Representatives where Thomas Jefferson was elected our third president
by a one vote margin.
In 1824, none of the four Presidential candidates received
an electoral majority. The election was again thrown into the House of
Representatives, where John Quincy Adams defeated front runner Andrew Jackson
by one vote to become the nation's 6th president. Andrew
Jackson received the majority of the nation's popular vote.
In 1844, in the backwoods area of Switzerland County,
Indiana on election day, a farmer named Freeman Clark lay seriously ill in bed.
He begged his sons to carry him to the county seat so he could vote for David
Kelso to become a state senator. David Kelso had defended old Freeman Clark on
a murder charge and obtained his acquittal. The old farmer Freeman Clark got to
vote for Kelso, but Clark died on his way back home. Kelso won the election
by one vote. Both Freeman Clark and David Kelso were long-time
Andrew Jackson supporters.
In 1844, when the new Indiana senate convened, Democrats
had a majority of one counting David Kelso. At that time, state senates had the
task of electing the state's United States Senator. The Indiana Senate
Democrats held a caucus where it developed a majority of the party delegation
favored a man who would vote against the annexation of Texas if elected to the
U.S. Senate. David Kelso refused to vote for the Democratic Party choice and a
deadlock resulted between the Democratic and Whig candidates. This continued
for days. Finally, Kelso made his move. He proposed a new candidate: Edward A.
Hannigan. In his party caucus, Kelso notified his Democratic associates he
would bolt and vote with the Whigs thus electing a Whig to the Senate - unless
the Democrats supported Hannigan. The Democrats felt constrained to accept
Hannigan who was then elected as Indiana's U.S. Senator by one vote --
that of David Kelso.
In 1845, Texas was admitted to the union as a state
by one vote -- that of Edward A. Hannigan from Indiana. The
1844 and 1845 excerpts on the series of single votes leading to Texas statehood
are from the book Magnificent Destiny.
In 1846, a one vote margin in the U.S.
Senate approved President Polk's request for a Declaration of War against
Mexico.
In 1850, California was admitted to the union by a margin
of one vote.
In 1859, Oregon was admitted to the union by a margin
of one vote.
In 1867, The Alaska Purchase was ratified by just one
vote paving the way for the eventual admission of America's largest
state in 1958.
In 1868, one vote in the U.S. Senate saved
President Andrew Johnson from impeachment.
In 1875, a one vote margin changed France
from a monarchy to a republic.
In 1875, Florida's U.S. Senators were still elected by the
state legislature. Democrat Charles W. Jones of Pensacola was elected to the
U.S. Senate by a majority of one vote.
In 1876, no presidential contender received a majority of
electoral votes so the determination of the country's president was again
thrown into the U.S. House of Representatives. By a one vote margin,
Rutherford B. Hayes became the new U.S. president. When Tilden's party
protested the tabulation and demanded a recount, Congress established a
15-member electoral commission to again count the electoral votes and declare
the result. By an eight to seven margin - again, one vote --
the commission affirmed the count and gave the election and presidency to
Hayes.
In 1885, two members of the Florida House of
Representatives waged a friendly but close contest for Speaker of the House.
Robert W. Davis of Green Cove Springs defeated Gen. Ernest Yonge of Pensacola
by one vote.
In 1889, by a one vote margin, Washington
was admitted to statehood with the union.
In 1890, by a one vote margin, Idaho
became a state.
In 1916, if presidential hopeful Charles E. Hughes had
receive one additional vote in each of California's precincts, he would have
defeated President Woodrow Wilson's re-election bid.
On November 8, 1923, members of the then recently -- formed
revolutionary political party met to elect a leader in a Munich, Germany beer
hall. By a majority of one vote they chose an ex-soldier named
Adolph Hitler to become the Nazi Party leader.
In 1940, the vote taken by the French parliament to
maintain its status as a republic failed by a margin of one vote.
In 1941, the Selective Service Act (the draft) was saved by
a one vote margin -- just weeks before Pearl Harbor was
attacked.
In 1948, a Texas convention voted for Lyndon B. Johnson over
ex-Governor Coke Stevens in a contested Senatorial election. Lyndon Johnson
because U.S. Senator by a one vote margin.
In 1948, if Thomas E. Dewey had gotten one vote more
per precinct in Ohio and California, the presidential election would have been
thrown into the U.S. House of Representatives where Dewey enjoyed more support
than his rival -- incumbent Harry Truman. As it was, Dewey was expected to win
the general election by a landslide so most Republicans stayed home. Only 51.5
percent of the electorate voted. Truman defeated Dewey.
In a 1955 city election in Huron, Ohio, the mayor was
elected to office by one vote.
In a 1959 city election, mayors of both Rose Creek and
Odin, Minnesota were elected to their respective offices by one vote.
In the 1960 presidential election, an additional one
vote per precinct in Illinois, Missouri, New Jersey, and Texas may have
altered the course of America's modern history by denying John F. Kennedy the
presidency and placing Richard Nixon in the White House eight years earlier.
In 1962, the governors of Maine, Rhode Island, and North
Dakota were all elected by a margin of one vote per precinct.
In 1984, a Monroe County, Florida commissioner was elected
by one vote.
In 1994, the U.S. House of Representatives enacted a law
banning specific classes of assault weapons. The vote was initially tied but
one member changed his vote to approve the ban.